This Week Crucial to Investor Emotion

Though I'm currently being taught that many scholars and businesspeople believe that stock market prices represent the entirety of all available information, I disagree. I see the stock market as a much less rational creature; along with true facts and information, fear, emotion, rumors, and expectations share responsibility for driving prices and creating price swings.

The major markets (S&P 500, Dow, NASDAQ, and most international markets too) have endured wild fluctuations over the past year and a half as they shed 50% of their value. Below is a chart of the S&P 500 over just the past six months, after the index had already lost a significant portion of its value.


After establishing a new multi-year low late last week, the S&P 500 had a spectacular rebound, rising roughly 80 points - adding more than 10% to the index's value.

I was on spring break this past week, which allowed me to waste plenty of time lounging around watching CNBC. While I don't take too much from that channel to heart, watching the various personalities, traders, and interviewees provides a good sense of sentiment on the street. At the end of the week, the depressing fog certainly seemed to be clearing and some people seemed downright cheerful. A few actually resented the steep rise as they had hoped to initiate some long positions at better prices.

The week was kind to the general markets, but certain beaten-up stocks did even more exceptionally well. GE bottomed at $5.87 last week, but recovered to nearly $10 by Friday's close. General Motors (GM) more than doubled from an intraday low of $1.27 last week to close at $2.72 on Friday. PNC, a bank of national (and moreso local, due to my Pittsburgh roots) significance, began the week under $18 and closed at $28.

Last week's rally may have been caused by any different number of factors. Some scary unknowns became known; both GE and Berkshire lost their AAA ratings, but credit outlooks were reset to stable, allowing investors to feel a little relieved and reassured. Mark-to-market rules are under review, and any suspension or alteration of them would likely lead to writeups and increased capital cushions at virtually every financial institution. Other commentators think that some sidelined money may have flowed into the market, and after the gains began early in the week, additional investors threw even more tinder on the financial fire.

Some people are less optimistic. Considering the depressed, pathetic pre-rally prices of stocks like GE, GM, and many others, some people argue that much of the reason for the rally this week was short covering.

No matter the reason for what is now history, the market action this week may stifle and reverse, or enhance, the movements of this past week. The S&P 500 now sits at approximately its November low; it may not be able to cross that resistance level, but if it does, it should have a new level of support. (Note: I'm not a technician and I don't believe too deeply in technical trading, but because enough investors do, it sort of becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy).

Disregarding any technical indicators, simple emotional sentiment is hinging on the first few trading days of this week. After a 10% gain, many people want to believe that the market has turned a corner; they may be willing to commit more capital or cover any outstanding shorts if they see a little more proof that the markets will continue skyward. On the contrary, the good feelings of this week will be forgotten if markets stutter early in the week, as investors are inches away from writing off any gains as a bear-market rally in a formerly-undersold market.

Various nuggets of news will likely drive sentiment this week. FedEx (FDX) reports earnings, and they are often considered to represent the general economic environment; a positive report will reassure jittery investors, while a bleak one may estinguish existing goodwill. Nike (NKE) and Oracle (ORCL) also report earnings, while GE will provide some information about their financing arm. A spattering of other economic news and company reports will augment the aforementioned ones.

I don't have any fresh capital to invest at this point, but I'm eager to see how the markets will move. On one hand, I too share the opinion that I don't want things to go up too far, too fast - I'd like to buy some good companies at the current firesale prices! However, I think many stocks are currently oversold, and an extention of last week's rally doesn't seem irrational to me. Only time will tell...




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A Deflationary Mindset

Phil Gramm famously stated in July that "this is a mental recession." He followed up with further quotable remarks and some explanation of his statements (you can read a Washington Times writeup here). Dispite anything else he said, his comment implying an imagined-recession as Americans were paying $4 for gas and fearing pink slips was what grabbed media attention. Though Mr. Gramm was quickly proven wrong by economic data that confirmed the existence of a very real recession, I understood his point: The current dire warnings perpetrated by our president and media that are predicting economic catastrophe are NOT promoting a quick recovery. A consumer is not encouraged to stimulate the economy via purchases, investment, or job creation if he is being force-fed predictions of the end of the world.

Alongside the general discussion about shrinking GDP and worsening employment numbers, many observers have been debating whether the current stimulative policies will result in massive inflation or crippling deflation. Proponents of the first idea claim that the rampant creation of money (TARP, Bailouts, Stimulus Bill, etc.) will result in Zimbabwe-like hyperinflation. Though the government is creating a couple trillion dollars, I personally believe that the huge stock, commodity, housing and derivative market losses will offset this fresh money. I nevertheless strongly disagree with the recent stimulus bill (at least in its most current forms), but for other reasons. I disagree because it is full of pet projects and pork, it will surely increase America's borrowing costs over time, and it will be my taxes that eventually pay off these debts. I'd like to keep much of the money that I plan to make.

Therefore, I think that deflation is the more likely monetary problem, though the condition that I'm calling "a deflationary mindset" is the primary concern.

Capital and capital markets remain relatively frozen. Credit card and loan companies have raised lending standards, lowered lines of credit, and have generally slowed their rates of lending. Leveraged buyouts are non-existent. Many companies still holding mortgage-related assets have decided to let portfolios run-off (whereas their business model pre-meltdown was the continued accumulation of such assets).

Even more bleak and reflective of my "deflationary mindset" principle is the change in consumer purchasing habits. The savings rate has approached 3% of income over the past few (recessionary) quarters, while it averaged below 1% from 2005 through the first quarter of 2008 [graph below]. Most retailers and restaurants (excluding a few value-oriented entities) are suffering huge month-over-month and year-over-year declines in overall and same-store sales.


Frugality is in vogue.

The attitude of both boomers and younger adults has changed from overconsumption to penny-pinching - thus, my "deflationary mindset." Advertisements are now being written to appeal to cost-conscious consumers - the words "in this economy" are uttered annoyingly frequently. Recent CES and various auto shows have been scaled back in comparison to the excess of better years. Corporations are canceling purchases of jets and corporate retreats as the media started to crucify any corporation that is still actually stimulating the economy. Though this frugality is good on an individual level, and was obviously absent from American culture over the past few years, this attitude will prolong the recession as consumers are reluctant to buy their next iPod (AAPL), car (TM, GM, F, NSANY) or computer.

For the vast majority of Americans that will retain employment during this recession, low prices on consumer discretionary purchases will make consuming fun. I don't expect a long Japan-like deflationary period (mainly due to the huge government money injections), so purchase your LCD TV reasonably if you want to snag the best price.

I may one day eat my words, but I am currently not afraid of the Big Bad Recession. Obama can attempt to scare the public into supporting a bloated stimulus bill, but the economic truths are likely not as bleak as he'd have you think. Right now, spending normally (though within your means) is the most patriotic thing you can do for your country.




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Earnings Predictions: Jan 28

The markets are teeter-tottering daily as economic and corporate data test the confidence of investors worldwide.

Coupled with Fed cuts, statements, and meetings, as well as a slew of economic data, the earnings season injects even greater unpredictability into the market.

Here's three of my predictions, justifications, and analysis for three major companies releasing earnings after the bell today.

• VM Ware (VMW) will probably be headed lower after releasing earnings today. They currently sport a 70 forward P/E; without a major beat, Wall Street will not be able to continue to justify such a lofty valuation. Odds are, VMW may beat but fail to impress Wall Street. I wouldn't be surprised to see a 10-20% haircut if that's true; just look at Apple's fall after lower-than-expected guidance. However, if they manage to blow out and revise upward, it'll be a major boost of confidence in the economy. I think the first situation is much more likely.
• American Express (AXP) may report a good quarter, but in their call, I bet that they cite some unpredictably in the future because of a weakening economy at home. I think AXP is a solid company that may be unfairly beaten up if the report is somewhat cautious.
  
• Sandisk (SNDK) may be a bright spot in the reports today. This quarter may be good, as many flash-memory-using devises (iPods, phones, other MP3 players, etc) seemed to sell well during Christmas, but more importantly, I think they'll affirm a quickly growing demand for their memory in lots of devises. The first flash-memory-based computers are just coming out now; in three years, flash will be the standard storage medium. I think a bright future forecast will propel SNDK out of it's current undue hole.

With the possibility of cautious or negative reports from major companies, the markets may be in for a wild day tomorrow. If things go better than I expect, the case for a market bottom will strengthen.


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Terrible Tuesday

After US Index Futures trading on global markets had priced in a 5% plunge when the markets open today, the Fed decided to try to salvage the situation by cutting rates by 75 basis points.


Immediately, futures gained lots of lost ground, as Nasdaq 100 ETF is only pricing in a mere 2% decline. (QQQQ quote taken 8:30 AM).

But was this the right thing to do?

I'm not so sure.

First, let me establish that I don't want stocks to fall. I own an Ultrashort Oil & Gas Fund (DIG), which can be seen as a hedge against oil (and the entire economy), but I am very, very long, which is clearly not the place to be right now. I'd like nothing better than to see the market go up 20% tomorrow, but for logical, meaningful, substantial reasons.

The Fed's early cut is purely symbolic, not something that will actually have an effect on the financial situation in America. Since the policy (rate cuts) take many months for their effects to be felt in the economy, realistically, waiting until the meeting to cut 75 points would have provided the same stimulus in the second half of this year. If anything, I think it may have been better to cut then - if things got even worse, then they could cut a full point without making it seem like the sky is falling.

I can't say that a decline of "only" 5% isn't bad (especially since some stocks I own, like Countrywide (an arbitrage, at this point)) were set to open down 10% or more. But global markets have faired even worse over the past two days - Indian and Chinese markets are down 10-20% since last week.

It's hard and unreasonable to tell people to do this, but if people could just act rationally, and avoid clicking "close" next to all of their positions, we'd be a lot better off. For example, I follow Activision (ATVI) and Electronic Arts (ERTS), two stocks who should have shot up after news of an absolute blowout of video game sales numbers during the holiday season. However, both were flat (or down) last week after the announcement was made, and both were/are pricing in a 5% dip today. Clearly, if we're in a recession, people are still buying Guitar Hero and Call of Duty; if anything, investors should be buying up shares of a seemingly-stable niche.

Now that the day's news (BAC's awful earnings and the Fed cut) are on the table, it looks like markets will open down about 3%. What they do during the day is anyone's guess - We could finish positive, or we could lose 10%. According to WSJ articles over the weekend, markets have priced in 80% of the impact of a recession - this potential decline today should increase that figure further. I truly believe that a recession is fully priced in; there's clearly some stocks that are still overvalued (I think that tech like Apple, RIM and Amazon are still grossly overvalued), financials seem to be fully discounted.

Barrons wrote an article about the bond issuer MBIA this weekend; they stated that the company's liquidation value is at least $30, while the stock currently trades around 8. Countrywide is being merged into BAC; the terms of the deal, which can be broken but are generally unconditional, priced CFC around $7; now, when CFC converts into BAC at .1822 shares, you're essentially buying BAC stock for $25 (instead of the market's $33) if you buy Countrywide today.


If you can stomach a short term loss, in five years, they should identify early 2008 as the best buying opportunity in years. Yes, the economy may not be great. Yes, the subprime problems are not over yet. But companies (and the entire market) are heavily, irrationally discounted, and an investor with a strong stomach will thank his nerves a year or two from now.



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FED TO THE RESCUE

The Fed cuts rates 0.75% overnight after index futures were pricing in a 5% decline.

More to come in a full writeup on the state of the markets.






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My Economic Stimulus Plan

Later today, President Bush is supposed to discuss his plan to stimulate our "weakening economy."

His plan is likely to give money back to individual taxpayers and ease business liabilities, stimulating both consumers and industry. Bush proposed rebates of up to $800 for individuals or $1600 for families, while lawmakers wanted to lessen that amount and limit who receives it (Yahoo! Finance article).

I think that this plan is stupid.

Maybe it will help the economy a little bit if each family of four goes out and purchases four new iPhones. However, I think that a simple injection of money into the economy through intending to increase consumer spending is short-sided and futile.

Instead, I believe that the government, if they are going to aid anyone, should look at the corporations.

Over the past days, weeks, and months, foreign sovereign funds have injected billions of dollar into US corporations. Most of the major financial companies have received large investments from outside sources. Japan's major investment banks are reportedly pooling billions of dollars for investment in a struggling Wall Street counterpart.

I'm not an isolationist, but why let wealth leave our country when we could easily keep it here?

Instead of dishing out money for people to buy new purses, the government should focus on preserving stock market capital, and thus, the value of millions of individual Americans' investments.

If the government doesn't want to directly purchase equity or bonds like foreign investors have been doing, there are much easier solutions; provide long-term, low-interest loans or simply open the discount window, repercussion-free, at a rock bottom interest rate (say, 2%). However, as long as qualified financial analysts looked it over beforehand, putting $20 billion of Social Security money into Wall Street could end up being an excellent long-term investment.

If the government is still interested in helping individuals, they should help financially-responsible people who were romanced into adjustable-rate mortgages. I'm sorry, if you bought a $500,000 house on $30,000 of annual income, I don't think that you deserve to keep it. However, for someone with a steady job who just can't make the adjusted-up payments, the government could step in to help those individuals.

First, the government could work through the mortgage broker to negotiate a new rate that the borrower can pay and will still provide profit for the lender. That way, everyone wins; shareholders of the big banks (BAC, who will soon own Countrywide, etc) won't unjustly miss out on profit that was already accounted for, while individuals will face a more reasonable repayment rate.

My last article discussed how the US economy is already contracting; if it's not, it's certainly slowing down. Discussing ways to improve economic conditions is the right thing to do, but simply handing consumers a check isn't.

Help out the people that truly need help - from Joe Dirt's adjustable mortgage to Merrill's write downs, there's better ways to fix the economy than to hand me $800.




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We're in a Recession, and on the way to $60 Oil.

As the markets continue to slide (now hitting their lowest levels in almost a year today), commentators and analysts are afraid to say "recession."

If you turn on CNBC or read a business newspaper, you'll see the terminology of choice - "possibility of recession" or "on the path to recession."

I want to be the first person (that I know of) to go on record saying this: The United States is currently in a recession.

What does that mean?

Well, if the recession started around the 2007's Q4, then we may be in for a bad earnings season. However, many of the blue-chip companies important to our markets and economy have extensive international operations, where growth is strong. (IBM pre-released that they will have a very strong quarter.) Also, a weak dollar aids companies with extensive overseas operations, so while you may not get to vacation in Europe this year, the bottom lines of many conglomerates will swell (or, at least, not crumble, if the domestic economy is weak).

Looking back, markets usually perform worst right when the economy is in recession - that may explain the 10-15% losses in major indexes over the past three months. Of course, if our markets emerge with just a 15% slap-on-the-wrist, we should consider ourselves lucky. If the markets endure another 10% haircut over the next few months, I think everyone will agree that we're in a recession even if the economic data isn't on the books yet.

What's good about a recession? It encourages competition and efficiency. One can easily argue that many of our core industries have been in a recession of their own for a while - American carmakers have been hemorrhaging money and laying off workers for years, while many mortgage and housing companies have already gone bankrupt. When industries struggle, the strong survive. When American companies and industries strengthen, they will be better suited to compete against rivals in Europe and Asia, eventually leading to prosperity a few years down the road. The "Jobless Recovery" following the recession of the early 2000's created a 5-year golden era for the American markets and economy.

Plus, another benefit of a recession will be a massive decline in the price of oil. Sure, there are fundamentals that should provide support for oil at a historically-high level, but that level is NOT $90/barrel. The price of oil is no longer driven solely by fundamentals; now, the emotion and whims of traders, coupled with news, creates buying frenzies of selling panics. If it is declared that the US is in a recession, I think that we could see $60 oil. The actual impact on the worldwide demand for oil will probably be negligible, but psychologically, news of a recession would be very significant. I wouldn't have the guts to bet against the price yet, but if we see $60 or $50, it would present a great buying opportunity.

Though things are looking grim, I'm buying. I increased my position 50% in Buffalo Wild Wings, a stock that's fallen over 50% because of one slightly week quarter. (People will eat wings even if the economy is retracting 1%/year instead of growing 2%.) No debt, lots of cash, tremendous growth, and a superior product are all reasons to invest in Buffalo Wild Wings. Check out articles in my archive; all of the analysis is still valid today.

I also bought Intel after the bell today below $20/share. It's truly a irrational world when the media focuses on a 2 cent miss instead of the 51% increase in profits. Why should a solid company lose 15% of it's value for THAT? Especially as the economy is looking grim, a show of good corporate growth should be rewarded by investors, not thrown to the curb. As long as there's nothing awful on the call, investors should hopefully start acting rationally and Intel may pop back up to it's closing level today.


So, I want to go on record making two predictions, which admittadly, may not end up being factual:

• It will later be shown that as of January 2008, the United States is in a mild recession
• Oil will dip to $60/barrel sometime in 2008

Bold? Maybe. Only time will tell.


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